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Abdishakur passed away on May 13, 2012 in a car accident at Tulli village, between Dila and Borama in Western Somaliland. Alla how naxariisto. Amina Abdi Jama, his wife, was with him in the car but her injury is not serious. Alla ha u sahlo. Aamiin.

This issue of Dhaxalreeb is dedicated to Dr. Abdishakur Jowhar, and it contains selected publications by him that appeared on redsea-online.com during the past 10 years. Today, we salute our friend, our hero with his own words. Indeed “His [Abdishakur] untimely death will teach the nation about sacrifice, decisiveness, discipline and commitment to the people’s cause of justice, transparency and honesty.”

Mohamed Obsiye (mobsiye78@hotmail.com)

This issue contains two articles:

A brief history of the “Somali Union”: what is the way forward
The central concern of this article is that the Union of Somalia was founded on the false dream of Greater-Somalism based on language, race, culture and religion criteria. It argues that the Somali Union simply existed, not because of intrinsic values of its nationhood, but because of its ‘Cold War Client’ status. The article raises serious questions about whether there was a nation-state in Somalia in the first place, and considers how the unswerving search for Greater-Somalism masked Somalia’s vulnerability as a nation-state.

The Changing Political Landscape in the Horn of Africa
It appears that the international community is now beginning to realise, in the best interest of world security, the political developments in the Horn of Africa should be accepted on their merits. That means that if in the past the international community has fallen for the de jure status of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG), it is now paying attention to the de facto developments in the region and with restoring Somali unity dream becoming virtually unobtainable, the international community is recognising Somaliland for its achievement in the areas of democracy, peace and stability.

Aqoontii iyo ilbaxnimadii Soomaalida

Cabdiraxmaan Faarax "Barwaaqo" (hal_aqoon@yahoo.com)

Qoraal uu ladhkiisu ahaa ‘Soomaalidii hore iyo aqoonta maadiga ah’, (Posted on Thursday, September 24 @ 03:50:10 CDT by redsea-online.com) oo uu qoray nin la yidhaa Axmed Saleebaan Xirsi baa runtii aad ii soo jiitey. Waxanse dareemay inuu Axmed aqoontii inoo qadhiidhay oo uu faraguudkood wax inoogu dhiibay. Sidaasi awgeed waxan damcay inaan aragtidaa kobciyo oo aan ku badhitaaro ama ku kaalo intan soo socota. Ciddii in kale haysaana ha soo dawiso illayn waa tii hore loo yidhi talo rag waa biiro idaade.

Cabdiraxmaan Faarax 'Barwaaqo'

Taxanaha Dhaxalreeb waa qoraallo aan kalgal sugan lahayn oo sannadkiiba dhowr jeer kasoo baxa degelka redsea-online.com. Waxaa isku dubbarida qoraalladaas Jama Musse Jama, waxaana daabacda shirkadda buugaagta soo saarta ee Ponte Invisibile Ed. ee saldhiggeedu yahay Pisa, Italy.

Iskaddaa sonkorta oo ka gaashaamo cudurka kaadi-macaanka noociisa labaad

Kamaal Cabdillaahi Xuseen (kamalcx@hotmail.com)

Waxa dunida aad ugu soo kordhaya cudurka kaadi macaanka ama macaanka, ama sonkorowga sida dadka qaar u yaqaannaan. Cudurkan oo laba nooc ah waxa loo qaybiyaa nooca koowaad iyo nooca labaad. Dhigaalkani waxa uu ka hadlayaa nooca labaad ee cudurkan oo ah midka dunida ku soo badanaya.

Kamaal Cabdillaahi Xuseen waa Nutriotionist deggan Nashville, USA-

Taxanaha Dhaxalreeb waa qoraallo aan kalgal sugan lahayn oo sannadkiiba dhowr jeer kasoo baxa degelka redsea-online.com. Waxaa isku dubbarida qoraalladaas Jama Musse Jama, waxaana daabacda shirkadda buugaagta soo saarta ee Ponte Invisibile Ed. ee saldhiggeedu yahay Pisa, Italy.

Art and Literature: The Other Weapon for Resistance

Mohamed-Rashiid Sheikh Hassan (rashid108@hotmail.com)

In the earlier years of colonization, African native languages and cultures were seen as inferior and incomprehensible and did not even deserve scientific examinations. Nations themselves were often seen as narrations. The power and the authority to narrate or to block other narratives from emerging were, according to Edward Said, an important aspect of the culture of the imperialism.

African nations and states don’t want to be seen any more as “inventions.” They have already become members of the international community and though as yet not economically prosperous they don’t feel culturally inferior to the older nations. Literature and arts particularly oral literature has played a significant role in the understanding of the state complexity and the political ideas associated with it.

This presentation highlights how literature was utilized for resistance against:
· colonial powers
· Post-colonial state corruptions, manipulations and particularly the oppression of the military regime and its abuse of human rights in the Somali context and how the militry regime used also to discredit the opposition.
· and finally the lamentation of the loss of the state and the restoration of somaliland as a separate state.

Ruwaanda: Xasuuqii boqolka maalmood

Waxa qorayXasan C Madar (nabaadiino@yahoo.com)

Way sii muuqatay, cid walibana way sii arkaysay in xasuuqani dhacayo, cidse dheg u dhigtay dhawaaqii soo yeedhayey iyo digniintii ma jirin. Waddamadii waaweynaa ee Maraykan, Faransiis iyo Ingiriis ugu horreeyeen iyo Qarammadii Midoobay way ka dhego adaygeen wax ka qabashada masiibadan. Kaaga daranta markii xasuuqu bilaabmayna golihii ammaanku wuxu amar ku bixiyey in laga soo saaro ciidammadii tirada iyo tabartaba yaraa ee halkaas ka joogay, halkii ay ahayd in loo diro ciidammo xoojiya si xasuuqa loo baajiyo. Weydiimo badan oo halkaa ka dhashay, ujeeddooyin siyaasadeed oon jirin baa hadheeyey. Jawaabta meesha ku qarsoonayd waxay ahayd in shacbiga Ruwaanda aanay u qalmin in la badbaadiyo.

Toddobaadka Fanka iyo Suugaanta Soomaalida ee Landhan

Waxa qortey Ayaan Maxamuud Cashuur (ayan.mahamoud@oxfordhouse.org.uk)

S: Sannadkani muxuu sannadadii hore kaga duwanaa?

J: Sannadkan waxaa hal-abuurka iyo indheergaradka ka soo qayb galay bandhiggan ay ku ballansanaayeen inay ka faalloodaan, ka doodaan, qeexaan macnaha “Gobannimo” iyo waxay goyso; heerarkeeda kala duwan sida ta qofka ama bulshada.

Waxay dadkii markii danbe lahaayeen:

“Waligay maan arag bandhiggaas mid la mid ah.”
“Faa’idadii aan ka helay bandhigga labadaas cisho waligay ma aan faa’iidin.”
“Bandhiggaas waxa loo soo agaasimay si cajiib ah oo daacadnimo leh.”
“Bandhiggaasi damiirka dadka ayuu dib u soo nooleeyay.”

Hadalladaa iyo kuwa kale oo la halmaalaba, waa hadallo ay yidhaahdeen marti-sharaftii ka qayb galay bandhig-buugeedkii qiimaha badanaa ee lagu qabtay Caasimadda Somaliland ee Hargeysa.

Waxa qorey Xasan C Madar (nabaadiino@yahoo.com)

".... waa maxay Elmina Castle? maxaynu ka baran karnaa?. Waa dhisme qalcad ah oo uu dhisay Boortuqiisku sannadkii1482. Waa waa qalcadda ugu da’ weyn ee jirta ee ka taagan ganacsigii addoonsiga ee badweynta Atlaantika. Waxa maanta u soo daawasho taga boqollaal qof oo madow iyo caddaanba leh, ha u badnaadeen dadkii qarniyaal ka hor awoowayaashood halkan markab lagaga qaaday iyagoo silsiladaysan si ay u noqdaan xoogga wax soo saar ee dhaqaalaha Ameerikadii cusbayd iyo warshadihii Yurub ee ilaa maanta ay salka ku hayaan dhaqaalaha iyo xadaaradda reer galbeedku.

Dadka madow ee dhismahan Elmina Castle soo booqdaa waxay ka siman yihiin oohin iyo xusuus murugo huwan inkastoo aan la garanayn inta xusuustaasi qalbigooda ku sii jiri doonto, waxa ay u kordhin karto iyo waxa ay ka korodhsan karaan."

Taxanaha Dhaxalreeb waa qoraallo aan kalgal sugan lahayn oo sannadkiiba dhowr jeer kasoo baxa degelka redsea-online.com. Waxaa isku dubbarida qoraalladaas Jama Musse Jama, waxaana daabacda shirkadda buugaagta soo saarta ee Ponte Invisibile Ed. ee saldhiggeedu yahay Pisa, Italy.