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Qalinkaa wax suureeya,
Kugu sima halkaad doonto,
Saaxiib kal furan weeye,
Sunto fara ku hayntiisa,
Weligaa ha sii deynin.
"Sahra" - M I W Hadraawi

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02/08/2006: Submitted for publication via web
Taariikh ku saabsan magaalooyinka Saylac, Berbera iyo Sheekh
by Sayid Maxamed Yusuf "Dhegey"

(Baarliin adoon tegin ama Boon ka sheekeyn barashada dalkaagaa, horta laga bogtaayoo, bero la isku hawlaa)

Magaalooyin-ka Saylac iyo Berbera, waxay ka mid yihiin magaalooyinka ugu faca weyn ee ku yaalla xeebaha geeska Afrika. Magaalada Saylac oo qoraalada qaar ku magacaabaan "Aualites" waxay leedahay taariikh aad u fog. 529 C.D, ayuu ka dhoofay boqorkii Xabashidu, markii uu u sii socday magaalada Cadan ee dalka Yaman. Magaalada Saylac waxaa soo booqday qoraagii caanka ahaa ee Ibn_batuutah 1330-kii, halkaasoo uu ku tilmaamay inay ahayd magaalo weyn xilligaa. Qarnigii 16-naad waxay magaalada Saylac ahayd caasimaddii maamulkii caanka ahaa ee Awdal. Qoraalada laga hayo Saylac way farabadan yihiin, balse aan ku soo koobo, laba socdaal oo ay kusoo kala mareen nin la odhan jiray Johnston iyo ninkale oo la odhan jiray Richard Burton.

Richard iyo Johnston labaduba, waxay soo mareen sebenkii uu ka talinayay magaalada Saylac Sheekh Sharmaarke Ali Saalax oo magaalada ka ahaa guddoomiye muddo dheer. Labadaa nin-ba waxay ku tilmaameen magaalada Saylac inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo uu ka socday ganacsi aad u xoogbadani. Ganacsigaasi kumuu ekayn xoolaha iyo badeecadaha kale ee la kala iibsado ee xataa, waxa magaalada laga dhoofin jiray dad lasoo khasbay, oo loo iibgayn jiray Sayladaha carabta, dadkaasoo laga soo qab-qaban jiray badhtamaha Afrika. Xilligaa ay labadaa nin soo kala mareen waxay ahayd 1844-kii oo uu Johnston soo maray iyo 1854-kii oo uu Richard soo maray, isagoo xilligaa kusii socday magaalada Herer.

Magaalada Berbera oo mar loo yaqaanay "Malawo" waxay ka mid tahay magaalooyinka ay warbixinta faahfaahsan ka bixiyeen Richard Burton iyo Johnston-ba, waxayna labadooduba ku tilmaameen sebenadaa, inay magaaladu ahayd magaalo weyn, oo laga samayn jirey carwooyin ganacsi, gaar ahaan xilliyada magaaladu qabawdahay. Qarnigii 19-naad horraan-tiisii ilaa dhammaadkiisii, magalaada Berbera dadka deggenaa waxay u badnaayeen Carab iyo Hindi, balse waxaa dadkaa ajaanibka ah u ahaa "Abbaan" dad soomaaliyeed, waayo suurtagal may ahayn in qof qalaad uu Abbaan la'aan ku dhexjoogo magaalooyinka xeebaha Somaliland.

Nin la odhan jiray Drake-Brockman oo Somaliland ka qoray buug aad u faahfaahsan 1912-kii wuxuu ku qiyaasay tirada dadka Berbera inay u dhaxay-say 20,000 ilaa 40,000 xilliga qaboobaha, balse xilliga xagaaga ama kulaylaha ay tiradaasi hoos ugu soo dhici jirtay 5000-10,000 oo qof. Magaalooyinka ku yaalla xeebaha Somaliland, kuma koobna Berbera iyo Saylac ee waxaa jira magaalooyin kale oo qaar kamidi ay kaba facweyn yihiin Saylac iyo Berbera. Magaalooyinkaa waxa ka mida Laasqoray, Bullaxaar, Maydh iyo Xiis.

Dhinaca deegaanka berriga waxaynu odhan karnaa may jirin magaalo ka horraysay qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, aan ka ahayn dhawr meelood oo la tilmaamo, sida magaalada Sheekh oo berigii hore loo yaqaanay "Fardawsa". Magaaladaa loo yaqaanay Fardawsa, waxa qoraalada qaar tilmaamayaan inay goobtaasi ahayd magaalo ganacsi, kuna aasaasantay markii hore fiditaankii diinta Islaamka. Arrinku si kastaba ha ahaadee magaalada Sheekh waxa ku yaalla ilaa maanta xabaalo aad u farabadan oo lagu qiyaaso inkabadan 6000 oo xawaal, kuwaasoo dhinaca isku wada haya, oo aan la garanayn xilligii lagu aasay goobtaas. Culimada taariikhaha u dhuun-daloola waxay ku qiyaaseen in goobtaa la degenaa in kabadan 1000 sannadood ka hor, inkastoo baadhitaan dhowaan lagu sameeyay goobtaa loo yaqaanay Fardawsa ay tilmaamayaan inay goobtaasi ahayd magaalo qarnigii 16-naad. Sheekh Qudub oo qudbigiisu ku yaallo magaalada Sheekh ayaan la garanayn xilligii qudbigaa la dhisay, waana ugu yaraan dhawr boqol oo sannadood ka hor. Magaaladuna waxay magaca ka sidataa Sheekh Qudub (Khutub).

Horraantii qarnigii 19-aad waxa soo degey magaalada Sheekh Sayid Adam oo halkaa ka aasaasay dugsi diinta islaamka lagu barto. 1888-kii oo ay koox ingiriis ahi soo dhinac mareen deegaanka loo yaqaan "Guriga Dariiqada" oo ahayd bilawgii magaalada Sheekh, ayaa sidan uga warramay: "waxaanu soo dhinac marnay xaafad uu ku wareegsanyahay gidaar dhagax ah. Goobtaa waxa ka dhex muuqday masaajid weyn. Waxaanu doonay inaanu gudaha galno, laakiin waa naloo diidey, oo waxa naloo sheegay inaan loo ogolayn qof aan muslim ahayni inuu gudaha galo." Warbixintaas oo nin la socday kooxdaasi qoray, waa sannadkii 1888-kii, balse goobtaa Guriga Dariiqada waxa la deggenaa ilaa bilawgii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad. Waxaana ka horraysay oo uu Sayid Adam deegaan ka sameeyey magaalada Xaaxi oo aad ugu dhow Magaalada Oodweyne.

Qore: Sayid Maxamed Yusuf "Dhegey"
gacanlibaax2001@yahoo.se
Sweden



The views published here are solely those of its authors (Sayid Maxamed Yusuf "Dhegey") and do not necessarily reflect those of REDSEA-ONLINE.COM.
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